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Polonium
Electron Configuration 2,8,18,32,18,6
Electron Configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Ground state 3P2
Atomic Volume 22.23 g/cm3
Electronegativity 2.0
Magnetic ordering Non-magnetic
Thermal Properties
Enthalpy of Atomization 134 kJ mol-1 @25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion 10 kJ mol-1
Enthalpy of Vaporisation 100.8 kJ mol-1
Heat Capacity 26.4 J mol-1 K-1
Thermal Conductivity 20 W m-1 K-1
Thermal Expansion 23.5 μm m-1 K-1
Electrical Properties
Electrical resistivity 4.3 x 10-7 Ω m
Electrical conductivity No data.
Chemical Properties
Electrochemical Equivalent 3.8986 g Ah-1
Valence Electron Potential (-eV) -12.5
Ionization Potential  
First 8.42
Energy Levels
Kα1 (intensity 100) 79.29 KeV
Kα2 (intensity 50) 76.862 KeV
Kβ1 (intensity 0) 89.8 KeV
Lα1 (intensity 100) 11.1308 KeV
Lα2 (intensity 10) 11.0158 KeV
Lβ1 (intensity 38) 13.447 KeV
Lβ2 (intensity 14) 13.3404 KeV
Lβ3 (intensity 2) 13.6319 KeV
Lβ4 (intensity 2) 13.082 KeV
Lγ1 (intensity 8) 15.744 KeV
Lγ2 (intensity 2.7) 16.0702 KeV
Lγ3 (intensity 2) 12.085 KeV
Ll (intensity 6) 9.6574 KeV
Atomic Radii
Empirical 190 pm
Bohr Radius 135 pm
Covalent Radius No data.
Van der Waals No data.
Triple covalent 129 pm
Metallic No data.
Ionic Radii (Å)
Charge Coordination Crystal Ionic Key
VI 1.08 0.94 R
VIII 1.22 1.08 R
VI 0.81 0.67 A
R, From r3 vs V plots.
C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations.
E, Estimated.
*, Most Reliable.
M, From Metallic Oxides.
A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius.
P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius.
Oxidation States
Main Po+4
Other Po-2, Po+2, Po+6
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) show graph
M - M+ 812
M+ - M2+ 1800
M2+ - M3+ 2700
M3+ - M4+ 3700
M4+ - M5+ 5900
M5+ - M6+ 7000
M6+ - M7+ 10800
M7+ - M8+ 12700
M8+ - M9+ 14900
M9+ - M10+ 17000
Vapour Pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K
T (K) (846) 1003 1236
Crystal Structure
Structure Cubic
a = 335.9 pm
b = 335.9 pm
c = 335.9 pm
α = 90°
β = 90°
γ = 90°